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Motor Skills in Maintaining Autonomy in People with Alzheimer's Disease

La motricité dans le maintien de l’autonomie chez la personne atteinte de la maladie d’Alzheimer

Practicing functional skills through play can help a person with Alzheimer's disease maintain their autonomy in certain daily tasks for longer.

Indeed, cognitive-motor practice (the pathway between mental processes and movement) can maintain and even improve several components of movement, such as its speed, fluidity, and precision1. Furthermore, targeted practice of certain movements also strengthens a person's physical structures, such as their joints and muscles.

For seniors, working on pincer and power grips is very relevant, as it will allow them to retain their abilities in certain daily activities for longer.

Pincer grip

Exercising pincer grips (thumb opposition to other fingers) can help a person extend their period of autonomy for:

  • Buttoning clothes;
  • Operating a zipper;
  • Writing or drawing with a pencil;
  • Playing board games;
  • Etc.
Power grips

Practicing power grips (opposition of the fingers and the palm of the hand) can allow the same person to continue to:

  • Brush their teeth;
  • Open a door;
  • Eat with a utensil;
  • Pick up an object;
  • Etc.
Scientific facts

Many studies demonstrate a link between exercise and the maintenance/improvement of motor functions. In her publication on the National Library of Medicine, Laís Fajersztajn, physiotherapist and specialist in gerontological rehabilitation, states that "functional exercise makes it possible to work muscle groups at the same time and in an integrated manner, particularly for daily functional activity movements"2. According to Fajersztajn, motor improvement has a great impact on autonomy, but the reinforcement of self-confidence during movement also plays an important role in people with Alzheimer's disease.

Even further: a study demonstrates the link between physical exercise and a lower risk of developing a type of dementia3. According to their observations over a period of more than six years, this prevention could be explained by a more frequent connection between cognitive and motor functions3.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES

1Jin H. Yan & Malcolm B. Dick (2006) Practice Effects on Motor Control in Healthy Seniors and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease, Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 13:3-4, 385-410, DOI: 10.1080/138255890969609

2Fajersztajn L, Cordeiro RC, Andreoni S, Garcia JT. (2008) Effects of functional physical activity on the maintenance of motor function in Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Neuropsychology. 233-240. doi: 10.1590/S1980-57642009DN20300013. PMID: 29213577; PMCID: PMC5619472.

3Wang L, Larson EB, Bowen JD, VanBelle G. (2006) Performance-based physical function and future dementia in older people. Arch Intern Med. 166:1115–1120.

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